A.
W+H QUESTIONS
While yes-no questions are usually
answered with a YES or NO (or some variation of these words, e.g. YEAH or NAH),
a wh-question can expect any kind of information as a response. Wh-questions
begin with WH-WORDS, which signify that the speaker is asking a question.
Here is a list of
wh-words (this includes HOW, which doesn’t begin with a WH). Also note that
different wh-words fall under different parts of speech, which will affect the
way they are used in sentences.
Who (asks about a person)—noun
Whose (asks about possession)—adj
Whom (variation of “who” depending on its
case)—noun
What (asks about a thing, sometimes a
quality)—noun/adj
When (asks about a time)—adv
Where (asks about a place)—adv
Why (asks about a reason)—adv
How (asks about a method or quality)—adv
How much/many (asks about an amount)—adj/adv/noun
How + adj/adv (asks about an extent to which something
is true)—adv
Which (asks about a small set of
choices)—adj/noun
The following will
explain different ways to construct different wh-questions, as categorized by
parts of speech. Notice that many contain an inverted auxiliary verb and
subject, just like in yes-no questions.
a) NOUN AS THE SUBJECT
Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which
Formula: (Notice that the wh-word simply replaces
the subject of the sentence)
Examples:
1.
Who’s going to take care of the dog while
we’re gone?
(The neighbor is going
to take care of the dog while we’re gone.)
Who cooks the most in your family?
(My mom cooks the most
in my family.)
Who ate the rest of my pizza?
(Rohit ate the rest of
your pizza.)
2.
What’s going on?
Nothing’s going on.
What’s on TV right now?
‘Keeping Up with the
Kardashians’ is on TV right now.
b) NOUN AS THE DIRECT
OBJECT
Wh-words: who(m), what, how much/many, which
Formula:
Wh-word
+ auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence
Examples:
1.
Who did they end up choosing for the lead
role?
They ended up choosing
Erin for the lead role.
2.
Whom specifically will this new policy
affect?
This new policy will
affect the working class, specifically.
3.
Who are you calling an idiot?
I’m calling you an
idiot.
4.
What are you cooking for dinner?
I’m cooking pasta for
dinner.
5.
Which do you like better? Jeans or sweats?
I like jeans better.
Note: To be
grammatically correct, the pronoun WHO should take the form WHOM if it is the
direct or indirect object of the sentence. This, however, is usually reserved
for formal writing, and the word WHOM in everyday speech is falling out of
usage.
c) NOUN AS A
COMPLEMENT
Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which
Formula: (The term COPULA simply
refers to the linking verb TO BE)
Examples:
1.
Who are all these people in the streets?
(All these people in
the streets are protestors.)
Sorry, who are
you?
(I’m Regan.)
2.
Who are you going to be in the play?
(I’m going to be a
supporting character in the play.)
3.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a
process by which plants make their own food.
4.
Which is the best option out of the two?
The best option out of
the two is the first one.
D) NOUN WITH A
PREPOSITION
Wh-words: who, what, how/much/many, which
Formulas: (If you are beginning the sentence with the
word WHO, it’s normal to keep it as it is. However, if you choose to precede it
with a preposition, it’s best to change WHO to its object form WHOM.)
Examples:
1.
Who were you on the phone with?
(I was on the phone
with Jennifer.)
2.
With
whom was Mr. Ramos
seen with earlier this morning?
(Mr. Ramos was seen
with his wife earlier this morning.)
3.
Who are you sending that package to?
(I’m sending this
package to my cousin.)
4.
What is this world coming to?
(Rhetorical question)
E) NOUN AS THE SUBJECT
OF A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which
Formula: Wh-word
+ auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the independent clause + rest of the
subordinate clause
Examples:
1.
Who do you think should be president?
I think Elizabeth
Warren should be president.
2.
Who did you say tends to gossip a lot?
I said that Amity
tends to gossip a lot.
3.
Who does Pierre want to win the World Cup?
Pierre wants Barcelona
to win the World Cup.
4.
What do you think will happen if I skip class
again today?
I think the professor
will notice.
5.
Which do you think tastes better? Soymilk or
almond milk?
I think almond milk
tastes better.
F) ADVERB
Wh-words: when, where, why, how, how much, how +
adv
Other possibilities: how many times, which way, what time,
etc.
Formula: Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence
Examples:
1.
When are you flying back to the States?
I’m flying back to the
States on the 5th.
2.
When are you walking over to the party?
I’m walking over to
the party in an hour.
3.
When did you start wearing makeup?
I started wearing
makeup about a year ago.
4.
Where did you go while you were in China?
While I was in China,
I went to Beijing and Shanghai.
5.
Where on the map does this train go?
This train goes to
Wilmington on the map.
6.
Why do you hate cats so much?
I hate cats so much
because they scratch everything.
7.
Why do stars twinkle?
Stars twinkle because
of the way their light travels through our atmosphere.
8.
Why did your mom come to visit you last
weekend?
My mom came to visit
me last weekend to celebrate her birthday.
9.
How are you?
I’m fine, thank you.
10.
How did you finish your food so fast?
I finished my food
that fast by not talking.
11.
Which way should I go to get to the market?
You should go down the
main road to get to the market.
12.
What time does the sun usually set nowadays?
The sun usually sets
around six nowadays.
G) ADVERB WITH A
PREPOSITION
Wh-words: when, where
Formulas:
Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence + preposition (sounds
casual)
B. QUESTION YES/NO
A. DEFINITION
Question
Yes/No is the question who ask someone, and people who will be ask, will answer
yes/no only.
·
Am I your
friend?
Yes. / Yes, you are. /
Yes, you are my friend.
·
Is this a good
restaurant?
No. / No, it is not. / No, it is not a good
restaurant.
B. PATTERN
The rules
1. If the main verb of the sentence is "to
be", simply invert the subject and the verb to be:
Examples:
·
They are American. —
Are they American?
·
They are nice. — Are
they nice?
2. If the sentence includes a main verb and
another or other helping (auxiliary) verb(s), invert the subject and the
(first) helping (auxiliary) verb.
Examples:
They are visiting Paris. — Are they visiting Paris?
She has done the housework. — Has she done the housework
They are visiting Paris. — Are they visiting Paris?
She has done the housework. — Has she done the housework
3. If the sentence includes a verb which is not
the verb "to be" and doesn't include a helping (auxiliary) verb, the
transformation is more complex.
a. If the verb is in the present tense, add
either do or does and put the main verb in its base form:
·
do if the subject is
the first person singular, second person singular, first person plural, second
person plural and third person plural (I, you, we, they)
Examples:
·
I like apples. — Do
you like apples?
·
They go to a high
school. — Do they go to a high school?
does if the subject is the third person singular (he, she, it).
Examples:
·
Nancy reads a lot. —
Does Nancy read a lot?
·
He hates basketball. —
Does he hate basketball?
b. If the verb is in the past tense, add did and put
the main verb in its base form:
Examples:
·
He discovered the
truth. — Did he discover the truth?
·
She wrote a nice
essay. — Did she write a nice essay?
·
They did the homework.
— Did they do the homework?
C. EXPLANATION
For
my expalanation, yes/no question is a word of question, who will be ask person
with the question, which they will answer with only two answer. The answer for
the question is YES/NO only. The question who will be ask to people, must not
essay question. Because essay question can’t have answer with YES/NO question
In English, there are two basic types of
questions: Yes / No questions and Wh- questions. Yes / No questions are also
called closed questions because there are only two possible responses: Yes or
No.
1. When forming a Yes / No question, it must
include one of these verbs: BE, DO, HAVE, or a modal verb. It is impossible to
ask a Yes / No question without one of these verbs.
correct
|
incorrect
|
Are elections next
year?
|
|
Does he want to
stay?
|
|
Have the boys eaten?
|
|
Can the dog swim?
|
2. Use the verb BE to ask Yes / No questions
about the identity or description of a person, place, or thing.
question
|
response
|
Am I your friend?
|
Yes. / Yes, you are.
/ Yes, you are my friend.
|
Is this a good
restaurant?
|
No. / No, it is not.
/ No, it is not a good restaurant.
|
Are these islands
Greek?
|
Yes. / Yes, they
are. / Yes, these islands are Greek.
|
Was his idea
interesting?
|
No. / No, it wasn’t.
/ No, his idea was not interesting.
|
Were they happy?
|
Yes. / Yes, they
were. / Yes, they were happy.
|
Note that the response can be short (Yes. / No.), or long: Yes
or No followed by the subject and verb.
3. Use the verb BE with a preposition to ask Yes
/ No questions about a present or past location.
question
|
response
|
Am I at the correct
location?
|
No. / No, you
aren’t.
|
Are the keys under
the books?
|
No. / No, they are
not.
|
Was his house on an
island?
|
Yes. / Yes, it was.
|
Were the
demonstrations in the center of town?
|
No. / No, they
weren’t
|
4. Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question
about a current activity or situation. This requires the present progressive:
BE + (verb+ing).
question
|
response
|
Am I going with you
and Tom?
|
Yes. / Yes, you are.
|
Is she working
today?
|
No. / No, she isn’t.
|
Are we seeing a play
tomorrow?
|
Yes. / Yes, we are.
|
5. Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question
about a past activity or situation. This requires the past progressive: WAS /
WERE + (verb+ing).
question
|
response
|
Was it raining?
|
Yes. / Yes, it was.
|
Were they playing?
|
No. / No, they
weren’t.
|
6. Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question
with the passive voice.
question
|
response
|
Is gold mined in
Canada?
|
Yes. / Yes it is.
|
Are flowers grown
here?
|
No. / No, they are
not.
|
Was the book read?
|
Yes. / Yes, it was.
|
7. Use the verb HAVE to ask if somebody has done
something or if some action has taken place. Note that these Yes / No questions
use the present perfect (HAVE + past participle).
question
|
response
|
Has your brother
left?
|
No. / No, he hasn’t.
|
Have you driven
before?
|
Yes. / Yes, I have.
|
Has the party
started?
|
Yes. / Yes, it has.
|
8. Use the verb DO to ask Yes / No questions in
order to obtain facts about people, places, or things.
question
|
response
|
Do they smoke?
|
No. / No, they
don’t.
|
Does it rain here?
|
Yes. / Yes, it does.
|
Did the key work?
|
No. / No, it didn’t.
|
9. Use modal verbs to ask Yes / No questions
about possibilities or uncertainties.
question
|
response
|
Can we stay?
|
Yes. / Yes, we can.
/ Yes, we can stay.
|
Could this be true?
|
Yes. / Yes, it could
(be true).
|
Should they stop?
|
No. / No, they
shouldn’t (stop).
|
May I help you?
|
Yes. / Yes you may
(help me).
|
10. Remember: When asking
Yes / No questions with DO or a modal verb, the main verb remains in the base
form (without to).
correct
|
incorrect
|
Do you drink coffee?
|
|
Does she work here?
|
|
Can I go with you?
|
|
Should we email her?
|
11. However, if there are
two verbs that follow DO, the second verb remains in the infinitive (with to).
correct
|
incorrect
|
Do you want to drink
coffee?
|
|
Does she like to
work here?
|
|
Did you need to go
home?
|
12. Note that there are
several ways to answer Yes / No questions, especially when using contractions.
question
|
response
|
Is he busy?
|
No.
|
No, he isn’t.
|
|
No, he’s not.
|
|
No, he is not.
|
|
No, he isn’t busy.
|
|
No, he’s not busy.
|
|
No, he is not busy.
|
C. QUESTION TAG
A. DEFINITION
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a
statement into a question. They are often used for checking information that we
think we know is true.
B. PATTERN
positive statement → question tag negative→ You are Tom, aren't
you?
negative statement → question tag positive→ He isn't Joe, is he?
Qustion tag must following by grammar too. If present tense, the
question tag must present tense too, and etc.
C. EXPLANATION
Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb
(for example: be or have) and a subject pronoun (for example: I, you, she).
Negative question tags are usually contracted: It's warm today, isn't it (not
'is it not')
Usually if the main clause is positive, the
question tag is negative, and if the main clause is negative, it's positive.
For example: It's cold (positive), isn't it (negative)? And: It isn't cold
(negative), is it (positive)?
If the main clause has an auxiliary verb in
it, you use the same verb in the tag question. If there is no auxiliary verb
(in the present simple and past simple) use do / does / did (just like when you
make a normal question).
There is one wierd exception: the question tag after I am is
aren't I.
Example: I'm in charge of the food, aren't I?
Postive sentences, with negative tags
She's Italian, isn't
she?
|
|
They live in London, don't
they?
|
|
We're working tomorrow, aren't
we?
|
|
It was cold
yesterday, wasn't it?
|
|
He went to the party
last night, didn't he?
|
|
We were waiting at
the station, weren't we?
|
|
They've been to
Japan, haven't they?
|
|
She's been studying
a lot recently, hasn't she?
|
|
He had forgotten his
wallet, hadn't he?
|
|
We'd been working, hadn't
we?
|
|
She'll come at six, won't
she?
|
|
They'll be arriving
soon, won't they?
|
|
They'll have
finished before nine, won't they?
|
|
She'll have been
cooking all day, won't she?
|
|
He can help, can't
he?
|
|
John must stay, mustn't
he?
|
Negative sentences, with positive tags
We aren't late, are
we?
|
|
She doesn't have any
children, does she?
|
|
The bus isn't
coming, is it?
|
|
She wasn't at home
yesterday, was she?
|
|
They didn't go out
last Sunday, did they?
|
|
You weren't
sleeping, were you?
|
|
She hasn't eaten all
the cake, has she?
|
|
He hasn't been
running in this weather, has he?
|
|
We hadn't been to
London before, had we?
|
|
You hadn't been
sleeping, had you?
|
|
They won't be late, will
they?
|
|
He'll be studying
tonight, won't he?
|
|
She won't have left
work before six, will she?
|
|
He won't have been
travelling all day, will he?
|
|
She can't speak
Arabic, can she?
|
|
They mustn't come
early, must they?
|
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