TUGAS 3 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (KIND OF QUESTIONS)

A.    W+H QUESTIONS

            While yes-no questions are usually answered with a YES or NO (or some variation of these words, e.g. YEAH or NAH), a wh-question can expect any kind of information as a response. Wh-questions begin with WH-WORDS, which signify that the speaker is asking a question.

Here is a list of wh-words (this includes HOW, which doesn’t begin with a WH). Also note that different wh-words fall under different parts of speech, which will affect the way they are used in sentences.

Who (asks about a person)—noun

Whose (asks about possession)—adj

Whom (variation of “who” depending on its case)—noun

What (asks about a thing, sometimes a quality)—noun/adj

When (asks about a time)—adv

Where (asks about a place)—adv

Why (asks about a reason)—adv

How (asks about a method or quality)—adv

How much/many (asks about an amount)—adj/adv/noun

How + adj/adv (asks about an extent to which something is true)—adv

Which (asks about a small set of choices)—adj/noun

The following will explain different ways to construct different wh-questions, as categorized by parts of speech. Notice that many contain an inverted auxiliary verb and subject, just like in yes-no questions.

a) NOUN AS THE SUBJECT

Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which

Formula: (Notice that the wh-word simply replaces the subject of the sentence)

Examples:

1.      Who’s going to take care of the dog while we’re gone?

(The neighbor is going to take care of the dog while we’re gone.)

Who cooks the most in your family?

 (My mom cooks the most in my family.)

Who ate the rest of my pizza?

(Rohit ate the rest of your pizza.)

2.      What’s going on?

Nothing’s going on.

What’s on TV right now?

 ‘Keeping Up with the Kardashians’ is on TV right now.

b) NOUN AS THE DIRECT OBJECT

Wh-words: who(m), what, how much/many, which

Formula:

Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence

Examples:

1.      Who did they end up choosing for the lead role?

 They ended up choosing Erin for the lead role.

2.      Whom specifically will this new policy affect?

This new policy will affect the working class, specifically.

3.      Who are you calling an idiot?

I’m calling you an idiot.

4.      What are you cooking for dinner?

I’m cooking pasta for dinner.

5.      Which do you like better? Jeans or sweats?

 I like jeans better.

Note: To be grammatically correct, the pronoun WHO should take the form WHOM if it is the direct or indirect object of the sentence. This, however, is usually reserved for formal writing, and the word WHOM in everyday speech is falling out of usage.

c) NOUN AS A COMPLEMENT

Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which

Formula: (The term COPULA simply refers to the linking verb TO BE)

Examples:

1.      Who are all these people in the streets?

 (All these people in the streets are protestors.)

Sorry, who are you?

 (I’m Regan.)

2.      Who are you going to be in the play?

(I’m going to be a supporting character in the play.)

3.      What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants make their own food.

4.      Which is the best option out of the two?

The best option out of the two is the first one.

D) NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION

Wh-words: who, what, how/much/many, which

Formulas: (If you are beginning the sentence with the word WHO, it’s normal to keep it as it is. However, if you choose to precede it with a preposition, it’s best to change WHO to its object form WHOM.)

Examples:

1.      Who were you on the phone with?

(I was on the phone with Jennifer.)

2.      With whom was Mr. Ramos seen with earlier this morning?

(Mr. Ramos was seen with his wife earlier this morning.)

3.      Who are you sending that package to?

(I’m sending this package to my cousin.)

4.      What is this world coming to?

 (Rhetorical question)

E) NOUN AS THE SUBJECT OF A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

Wh-words: who, what, how much/many, which

Formula: Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the independent clause + rest of the subordinate clause

Examples:

1.      Who do you think should be president?

I think Elizabeth Warren should be president.

2.      Who did you say tends to gossip a lot?

I said that Amity tends to gossip a lot.

3.      Who does Pierre want to win the World Cup?

 Pierre wants Barcelona to win the World Cup.

4.      What do you think will happen if I skip class again today?

I think the professor will notice.

5.      Which do you think tastes better? Soymilk or almond milk?

I think almond milk tastes better.

F) ADVERB

Wh-words: when, where, why, how, how much, how + adv

Other possibilities: how many times, which way, what time, etc.

Formula: Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence

Examples:

1.      When are you flying back to the States?

I’m flying back to the States on the 5th.

2.      When are you walking over to the party?

I’m walking over to the party in an hour.

3.      When did you start wearing makeup?

I started wearing makeup about a year ago.

4.      Where did you go while you were in China?

While I was in China, I went to Beijing and Shanghai.

5.      Where on the map does this train go?

This train goes to Wilmington on the map.

6.      Why do you hate cats so much?

I hate cats so much because they scratch everything.

7.      Why do stars twinkle?

Stars twinkle because of the way their light travels through our atmosphere.

8.      Why did your mom come to visit you last weekend?

My mom came to visit me last weekend to celebrate her birthday.

9.      How are you?

I’m fine, thank you.

10.  How did you finish your food so fast?

 I finished my food that fast by not talking.

11.  Which way should I go to get to the market?

You should go down the main road to get to the market.

12.  What time does the sun usually set nowadays?

The sun usually sets around six nowadays.

G) ADVERB WITH A PREPOSITION

Wh-words: when, where

Formulas: Wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + rest of the sentence + preposition (sounds casual)

B. QUESTION YES/NO

A. DEFINITION

            Question Yes/No is the question who ask someone, and people who will be ask, will answer yes/no only.

·         Am I your friend?      

Yes. / Yes, you are. / Yes, you are my friend.

·         Is this a good restaurant?       

No. / No, it is not. / No, it is not a good restaurant.

B. PATTERN

The rules

1.      If the main verb of the sentence is "to be", simply invert the subject and the verb to be:

Examples:

·         They are American. — Are they American?

·         They are nice. — Are they nice?

2.      If the sentence includes a main verb and another or other helping (auxiliary) verb(s), invert the subject and the (first) helping (auxiliary) verb.

Examples:
They are visiting Paris. — Are they visiting Paris?
She has done the housework. — Has she done the housework

3.      If the sentence includes a verb which is not the verb "to be" and doesn't include a helping (auxiliary) verb, the transformation is more complex.

a. If the verb is in the present tense, add either do or does and put the main verb in its base       form:

·         do if the subject is the first person singular, second person singular, first person plural,         second person plural and third person plural (I, you, we, they)

Examples:

·         I like apples. — Do you like apples?

·         They go to a high school. — Do they go to a high school?

              does if the subject is the third person singular (he, she, it).

Examples:

·         Nancy reads a lot. — Does Nancy read a lot?

·         He hates basketball. — Does he hate basketball?

  b. If the verb is in the past tense, add did and put the main verb in its base form:

Examples:

·         He discovered the truth. — Did he discover the truth?

·         She wrote a nice essay. — Did she write a nice essay?

·         They did the homework. — Did they do the homework?

C. EXPLANATION

            For my expalanation, yes/no question is a word of question, who will be ask person with the question, which they will answer with only two answer. The answer for the question is YES/NO only. The question who will be ask to people, must not essay question. Because essay question can’t have answer with YES/NO question

In English, there are two basic types of questions: Yes / No questions and Wh- questions. Yes / No questions are also called closed questions because there are only two possible responses: Yes or No.

1.      When forming a Yes / No question, it must include one of these verbs: BE, DO, HAVE, or a modal verb. It is impossible to ask a Yes / No question without one of these verbs.

correct	incorrect
Are elections next year?	Elections next year?
Does he want to stay?	He want to stay?
Have the boys eaten?	The boys eaten?
Can the dog swim?	The dog swim?

2.      Use the verb BE to ask Yes / No questions about the identity or description of a person, place, or thing.

question	response
Am I your friend?	Yes. / Yes, you are. / Yes, you are my friend.
Is this a good restaurant?	No. / No, it is not. / No, it is not a good restaurant.
Are these islands Greek?	Yes. / Yes, they are. / Yes, these islands are Greek.
Was his idea interesting?	No. / No, it wasn’t. / No, his idea was not interesting.
Were they happy?	Yes. / Yes, they were. / Yes, they were happy.

Note that the response can be short (Yes. / No.), or long: Yes or No followed by the subject and verb.

3.      Use the verb BE with a preposition to ask Yes / No questions about a present or past location.

question	response
Am I at the correct location?	No. / No, you aren’t.
Are the keys under the books?	No. / No, they are not.
Was his house on an island?	Yes. / Yes, it was.
Were the demonstrations in the center of town?	No. / No, they weren’t

4.      Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question about a current activity or situation. This requires the present progressive: BE + (verb+ing).

question	response
Am I going with you and Tom?	Yes. / Yes, you are.
Is she working today?	No. / No, she isn’t.
Are we seeing a play tomorrow?	Yes. / Yes, we are.

5.      Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question about a past activity or situation. This requires the past progressive: WAS / WERE + (verb+ing).

question	response
Was it raining?	Yes. / Yes, it was.
Were they playing?	No. / No, they weren’t.

6.      Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question with the passive voice.

question	response
Is gold mined in Canada?	Yes. / Yes it is.
Are flowers grown here?	No. / No, they are not.
Was the book read?	Yes. / Yes, it was.

7.      Use the verb HAVE to ask if somebody has done something or if some action has taken place. Note that these Yes / No questions use the present perfect (HAVE + past participle).

question	response
Has your brother left?	No. / No, he hasn’t.
Have you driven before?	Yes. / Yes, I have.
Has the party started?	Yes. / Yes, it has.

8.      Use the verb DO to ask Yes / No questions in order to obtain facts about people, places, or things.

question	response
Do they smoke?	No. / No, they don’t.
Does it rain here?	Yes. / Yes, it does.
Did the key work?	No. / No, it didn’t.

9.      Use modal verbs to ask Yes / No questions about possibilities or uncertainties.

question	response
Can we stay?	Yes. / Yes, we can. / Yes, we can stay.
Could this be true?	Yes. / Yes, it could (be true).
Should they stop?	No. / No, they shouldn’t (stop).
May I help you?	Yes. / Yes you may (help me).

10.  Remember: When asking Yes / No questions with DO or a modal verb, the main verb remains in the base form (without to).

correct	incorrect
Do you drink coffee?	Do you to drink coffee?
Does she work here?	Does she to work here?
Can I go with you?	Can I to go with you?
Should we email her?	Should we to email her?

11.  However, if there are two verbs that follow DO, the second verb remains in the infinitive (with to).

correct	incorrect
Do you want to drink coffee?	Do you want drink coffee?
Does she like to work here?	Does she like work here?
Did you need to go home?	Did you need go home?

12.  Note that there are several ways to answer Yes / No questions, especially when using contractions.

question	response
Is he busy?	No.
	No, he isn’t.
	No, he’s not.
	No, he is not.
	No, he isn’t busy.
	No, he’s not busy.
	No, he is not busy.

C. QUESTION TAG

A. DEFINITION

Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question. They are often used for checking information that we think we know is true.

  

B. PATTERN

positive statement → question tag negative→ You are Tom, aren't you?

negative statement → question tag positive→ He isn't Joe, is he?

Qustion tag must following by grammar too. If present tense, the question tag must present tense too, and etc.

C. EXPLANATION

Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb (for example: be or have) and a subject pronoun (for example: I, you, she). Negative question tags are usually contracted: It's warm today, isn't it (not 'is it not')

Usually if the main clause is positive, the question tag is negative, and if the main clause is negative, it's positive. For example: It's cold (positive), isn't it (negative)? And: It isn't cold (negative), is it (positive)?

If the main clause has an auxiliary verb in it, you use the same verb in the tag question. If there is no auxiliary verb (in the present simple and past simple) use do / does / did (just like when you make a normal question).

There is one wierd exception: the question tag after I am is aren't I.

Example: I'm in charge of the food, aren't I?

Postive sentences, with negative tags

Present simple 'be'	She's Italian, isn't she?
Present simple other verbs	They live in London, don't they?
Present continuous	We're working tomorrow, aren't we?
Past simple 'be'	It was cold yesterday, wasn't it?
Past simple other verbs	He went to the party last night, didn't he?
Past continuous	We were waiting at the station, weren't we?
Present perfect	They've been to Japan, haven't they?
Present perfect continuous	She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she?
Past perfect	He had forgotten his wallet, hadn't he?
Past perfect continuous	We'd been working, hadn't we?
Future simple	She'll come at six, won't she?
Future continuous	They'll be arriving soon, won't they?
Future perfect	They'll have finished before nine, won't they?
Future perfect continuous	She'll have been cooking all day, won't she?
Modals	He can help, can't he?
Modals	John must stay, mustn't he?

Negative sentences, with positive tags

Present simple 'be'	We aren't late, are we?
Present simple other verbs	She doesn't have any children, does she?
Present continuous	The bus isn't coming, is it?
Past simple 'be'	She wasn't at home yesterday, was she?
Past simple other verbs	They didn't go out last Sunday, did they?
Past continuous	You weren't sleeping, were you?
Present perfect	She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she?
Present perfect continuous	He hasn't been running in this weather, has he?
Past perfect	We hadn't been to London before, had we?
Past perfect continuous	You hadn't been sleeping, had you?
Future simple	They won't be late, will they?
Future continuous	He'll be studying tonight, won't he?
Future perfect	She won't have left work before six, will she?
Future perfect continuous	He won't have been travelling all day, will he?
Modals	She can't speak Arabic, can she?
Modals	They mustn't come early, must they?